In a post on the SFWA blog, Gideon Smith offers advice on how to get the science right in your science fiction. “If you are a non-scientist writing SF and want to know how to do that, then this blog post is for you,” Smith says.
Naturally, step one is research. However, research doesn’t have to come first, Smith says. “In most cases, the science is not plot-critical, and your research will be more efficient if you write your story first,” he writes. “Now, I understand that sounds crazy, but you are not writing a technical manual. What is important is how the technology is servicing the story.” This can help you focus on what matters to your story and avoid research rabbit holes.
“Once you have specific questions, your purpose is to learn key vocabulary and get a broad overview,” Smith says. You might start with Wikipedia or museums to get an idea of what you need to learn, but be careful using these sources for specific details, as they are often simplified for a general audience or – in the case of online research – simply incorrect. Once you have an idea of what you need to learn, seek out science journals, professional or government sources, and peer-reviewed journals. If you need a lot more information, you can dive into technical articles.
Sometimes, despite the amount of book research you conduct, you still need to talk to an expert. Smith suggests finding scientists at SF conferences or on panel discussions. “These scientists are often open to being approached and will understand what you need,” he says. Of course, you should be sure to direct your questions to experts based on their area of expertise. Not every scientist knows everything about all the science (this also goes for your fictional scientists…)
You can also contact the experts cited in your research. “While companies may be hesitant to reveal industry secrets, academics are often excited to talk about their science,” Smith says. “Being approached by a SF writer is often novel for them, and many will be curious to speak with you.” You might also find experts via Twitter, but be sure to vet their qualifications before you use their information.
If you do make an appointment with an expert, be respectful of their time. Come prepared with questions and plan for a brief conversation. You might provide your questions to your interviewee before hand so they can prepare. Ask for permission before recording your conversation. If you’re asking for more than a brief conversation, be prepared to offer something in exchange, including payment for their time. Even for small requests, a polite gesture – like an acknowledgement in your novel or a signed copy – will leave a positive impression.
